DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ARDUINO BASED 3D CNC ENGRAVING ROUTER MACHINE

Abstract

The present discusses the design and assembly of an economical three-axis medium size portable CNC machine utilizing an ARDUINO UNO microcontroller, stepper motors, and a GRBL shield. For accurate task manufacturing, the system must exhibit excellent dimensional accuracy and surface polish. In applications such as drilling, punching, marking, boring, and tapping, the work piece is initially positioned, after which the cutting tool executes its function while the motion axes remain motionless. In the conventional method for such applications, the manufacturer employs a costly CNC machine for programming and performing the task cycle. Large-scale manufacturers can invest in expensive machinery; nevertheless, the small-scale mechanical job manufacturing sector must consider cost-effective solutions that yield superior results. This project aims to present a low-cost design that provides capabilities comparable to that of high-cost CNC machines. Utilizing this equipment in the industry can achieve multi-generational efficiency quickly. CNC machines are employed in the industry for operations necessitating continuous cutting along a specified curve, as opposed to conventional equipment. The installation of a CNC machine necessitates a substantial financial commitment and experienced labor to execute various operations on the machine. Additionally, the maintenance costs of such machines are likewise elevated. In small-scale companies where operations are conducted on minor job pieces, the implementation of high-cost CNC machines is challenging; thus, this project involves the creation of a low-cost CNC cutting machine utilizing Arduino technology. This CNC cutting machine will be highly beneficial for small-scale enterprises with limited project sizes. The machine does not need highly specialized labor for operation.