PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF KELL BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM: A REVIEW

Abstract

The Kell blood system, having a high immune response, comes after the ABO and Rh grouping. This system has several antigens, the majority being Kell 1 and Kell 2. The clinical importance of these antigens goes beyond transfusion medicine and into the broader issues associated with maternal-fetal health. This review aims to delineate the frequency of Kell antigens throughout the globe and comment on the clinical implications of the occurrence of Kell antibodies. This included a review of literature focused on clinical studies relevant to the Kell antigen system. Kell antigens expression varies between populations with marked differences. For instance, Kell 1 is found in about 9% of Caucasians but much more rarely in African-Americans as well as the other ethnic groups. The findings highlighted the clinical significance of these variations related to hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). This review illustrates a need of correct Kell antigen genotyping and antibody screening to improve patient care. Interpreting the epidemiology and clinical importance of the Kell blood group system will help in substantial for appropriate care in transfusion medicine and maternal-fetal healthcare.