EXPLORING THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF DEMOCRATIC FAILURES IN PAKISTAN: A HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

This research explores the multifaceted causes behind the recurrent failures of democracy in Pakistan, adopting a historical and political lens to uncover systemic impediments. Since its inception in 1947, Pakistan has grappled with unstable democratic structures,
characterized by repeated military interventions, weak political institutions, and a lack of effective governance. This paper investigates the historical roots of these failures, including the colonial legacy, socio-economic inequalities, and the persistence of feudalism, which have collectively hindered democratic consolidation. Additionally, the study examines political factors such as corruption, elite power struggles, and the erosion of public trust in democratic processes. The interplay of judicial complicity and a skewed civil-military relationship further exacerbates the crisis, creating an environment where democratic norms struggle to take root. By analyzing pivotal events, constitutional changes, and electoral practices, this study highlights the structural deficiencies and governance challenges that perpetuate a cycle of instability. The research emphasizes the need for robust political reforms, inclusive policymaking, and the strengthening of  democratic institutions to break this cycle and foster a culture of accountability and transparency. This comprehensive analysis provides a nuanced understanding of why democracy remains elusive in Pakistan, offering valuable insights for policymakers, scholars, and stakeholders striving to address these persistent challenges and achieve sustainable democratic governance.