A SEMIOTIC MINEFIELD: PESHAWAR’S TRANSFORMATION FROM A CENTRE OF DIVERSITY TO A MILITARIZED ZONE (CASE STUDY OF CITY’S BUSIEST SQUARE, I.E. FROM AMN CHOWK THE SQUARE OF PEACE TILL GORA QABRISTAN – THE COLONIAL ERA CEMETERY)

Abstract

This research paper explores the transformation of Peshawar from center of diversity to militarized zone. A historically important city, located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia, has long been a focal point of various empires and civilizations, thus contributing to its rich cultural and historical tapestry. However, after Afghan War in 1979, the discourse changed from Peshawar as center of diversity to a militarized area. To assess and analyze the militarization of city, a busiest square of Peshawar i.e. from Amn Chowk (square of peace) till Gora Qabristan (the colonial era cemetery) is selected for research. This study through a comprehensive analysis, delves into texts, icons, symbols and architecture built around Amn Chowk. Hence, by highlighting key historical periods since Cold War, and illustrating each era’s unique challenges and priorities, discussing different factors that influenced the construction of the Amn Chowk (peace square). Thus, offering insights into how symbolic fortifications can inform that a city of Peshawar is semiotic minefield and provides an understanding of its past, present and future.