MIGRATION DYNAMICS BETWEEN TURKEY AND AFGHANISTAN

Abstract

This article explores the dynamics of migration from Afghanistan to Turkey, focusing on the causes of migration, the journey through Iran, and the experiences of Afghan migrants in Turkey. The study aims to understand the factors that drive Afghans to leave their home country, the challenges they face during their journey, and how they are treated upon arrival in Turkey. The article also examines Turkey's policies towards Afghan migrants, particularly after the Taliban's return to power in 2021. The data for the study was collected from 15 Afghan migrants currently living in Turkey, and it was analyzed thematically to address the article's core objectives. The findings highlight that economic instability, high unemployment, and the fear of persecution and violence are the main factors pushing Afghans to flee their country. Many migrants choose Turkey as a transit point on their way to Europe or as a potential destination for a better future. The journey through Iran is often perilous, with migrants facing exploitation and harsh conditions. Upon arriving in Turkey, Afghan migrants encounter difficulties such as limited access to employment and housing, along with the threat of deportation. In response to the increasing flow of illegal migrants, Turkey's policy has primarily focused on deterring migrants at the Iranian border through stricter control measures, or alternatively, deporting those who have already entered the country back to Afghanistan. This policy reflects Turkey's broader approach to managing irregular migration in the region.