The Social Construction of Crime: Examining How Society Defines and Punishes Criminality

Abstract

The concept of crime, far from being a fixed and objective entity, is a social construct shaped by historical, cultural, and social forces. This article explores the social construction of crime, examining how societies define and punish criminality. Drawing upon the lens of social constructionism, we analyze the influence of power relations, moral panics, and social inequalities in shaping criminal justice systems and defining who is labelled "criminal." We further delve into the theoretical frameworks of labeling theory and Foucault's panoptic gaze, highlighting the impact of societal expectations and surveillance on individuals and social groups. By critically examining these perspectives, we gain a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between social norms, power dynamics, and the construction of criminality.