PAKISTAN- IRAN RELAIONS: CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD

Abstract

Relations between Pakistan and Iran hold significant importance for both nations. Iran was the first country to officially recognize Pakistan upon its establishment, and reciprocally, Pakistan swiftly recognized the new Iranian government in 1979. Nevertheless, various challenges have hindered the progress of bilateral relations, including ties between India and Iran, sectarian tensions, groups like Jandullah, and the presence of the Taliban in the region, particularly post-9/11. Despite the potential for growth in the post-9/11 era, certain factors have impeded the strengthening of ties between the two countries. Concerns have arisen in Islamabad due to the burgeoning relationship between India and Iran, particularly regarding projects like the North-South Transport Corridor and India's inclusion of Chabahar Port in its plans. Meanwhile, Tehran is troubled by the presence of militant groups operating in Baluchistan near its border with Pakistan. This article advocates for the need to bridge the existing mistrust between Pakistan and Iran to facilitate greater cooperation. With the withdrawal of the United States from Afghanistan and the comprehensive cooperation agreement between China and Iran, there are new opportunities for both nations to deepen their relationship. It is suggested that Pakistan and Iran should adopt a collaborative approach to regional issues and consider forging a strategic partnership with Russia and China. Such a partnership, exemplified by the proposed Pak-China-Russia-Iran Partnership Group, would offer considerable advantages and be mutually beneficial for all member states.